Historical Context Ontology (HiCO)

IRI:
http://purl.org/emmedi/hico
Date:
16.08.2014
Current version:
1.0
Authors:
Marilena Daquino
Contributors:
Silvio Peroni
Francesca Tomasi
Imported Ontologies:
http://purl.org/spar/frbr (visualise it with LODE)
http://purl.org/spar/cito/ (visualise it with LODE)
http://purl.org/spar/pro/ (visualise it with LODE)
http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/naryparticipation.owl (visualise it with LODE)
Other visualisation:
Ontology source

Abstract

HiCO is an OWL 2 DL ontology for describing historical context of cultural heritage objects.

Cultural heritage object is a wide concept, including any sort of representation of culture heritage embodied in a tangible form - like artifacts: books, documents, works of art - and any concept, assertion, interpretation bounded to them. Furthermore, any other object stating assertions about a cultural object of interest could be considered as a cultural heritage object itself. E.g. dealing with a critical edition of a text embodied in a TEI document, we have two cultural heritage objects, the original text and the critical edition. These elements are fully described with FRBR model.

Historical context involves primarily aspects explicitly described in an object of interest - like a description of an event in a document - but also recognized as implicit - like a citation of art styles in a paint - or even any information coming from other objects - like the agreement of an author with a particular artistic movement or a previous situation not mentioned in a document, maybe described somewhere else - which are all useful elements in order to clearly understand the content of the object of interest.

All these sort of information are meaningfully part of the context of a cultural object and could be considered bounded to the object itself through a particular situation, i.e. an interpretation. HiCO, using referenced models like SPAR ontologies and a set of properties from PROV-O ontology, aims to describe these issues.

Table of Content

  1. Common approaches in describing cultural objects
  2. Cultural objects and Interpretation workflow
  3. Interpretation Acts
  4. Authoritative interpretations
  5. Classes
  6. Object Properties
  7. Data Properties
  8. Named Individuals
  9. Namespace Declarations

Common approaches in describing cultural objects

The usual approach in describing cultural heritage objects and their context reflects a common triple need: to adhere to interoperability standards, to exchange information among communities and then to enrich their own digital collections. But there are several limits in the practical expressivity when enriching such description.

The dominant technique is currently document-centric, where a flexibility in the descriptive facets of the record, due to ad-hoc personalizations for each scholarly community (e.g. TEI community), prevents the loss of precious information; this entails to abstain from the creation of a common vocabulary, which cannot satisfy each desire of richness in content description, as the most used metadata sets (primarily, Dublin Core) have demonstrated. However, there is an interest to converge on a more data-centric approach that cannot be purely self-referential and which asks communities an effort to define a formalized, shared and exchangeable model.

So, trying to answer to these questions, this model attempts to extract information as RDF statements from documents (mainly TEI documents) describing cultural objects, asking an effort in the markup phase, but preserving richness of description and reusing it in a Linked Data context.

Cultural objects and Interpretation workflow

In order to extract RDF statements from the content (or the "full-text") of a source a middle passage, an interpretation act, is needed to create the right modelization of such complex relations; previously, the source or the object of interest should be clearly identified.

Considering FRBR model for describing issues related to bibliographic references, it's clear that stating something about an object (or extract something from it) is a subjective "reading" of it, which involves the expression of the object (a work) and not the object (work) itself. Then, "producing" a subjective statement (an interpretation) means a new expression of the object of interest has been created: precisely, a new expression of a new work, which has as subject the expression (or sometimes the manifestation) of the work of interest.

E.g. a philological interpretation of a text (an interpretation act of an expression) implies the creation of a critical edition (a new work) of the text (the expression) of the source (the work of interest).

For a reference of FRBR terms:

FRBR Classes

FRBR Object properties

So, interpretations are stricly bounded to a new work, in which statements of an author (or editor) could be considered as facts: they've been chosen by the author, and in that expression (of the new work) no other contraddictory interpretations can be stated.

Obviously, an author can retract interpretations creating new expressions of his work and adding new interpretations which revise the previous.

Furthermore, he can also cite other authors'/editors' interpretations. Issues related to versioning of an interpretative workflow and synchronous citations are resolved through CiTO, which defines a wide range of relations between citing and cited entities.(see below, Authoritative interpretations)

For a reference of CiTO terms:

CiTO Classes

CiTO Object Properties

Interpretation Acts

An interpretation act is a situation in which an agent defines some useful information - about the context of an object - as rdf triples starting from the "content" of an object.

These relations have been formalized through a set of object properties, mostly reusing terms of PROV-O ontology. An agent "acts" (prov:wasAssociatedWith) an interpretation extracting it from an object (hico:isExtractedFrom); precisely, using FRBR terms, an interpretation, dealing with the content of an object, is extracted from the Expression of a Work.

N.B. The agent extracting an interpretation, can be the the author of the interpretation him/herself or another agent standing for him/her, who was asked to extract rdf statements from the object.

Any information regarding content of an object is bounded to the intepretation act that generates it (prov:wasGeneratedBy), and not directly to the object itself. This because any information considered significant to be extracted from the content of an object requires an interpretation act to be stated: e.g. reading (and re-using information read in) a text which refers to an historical event, requires a reader who understands the author's intentions when writing assertions about that event, i.e. that interprets it.

To simplify scenarios of possible contents extracted from the content of an object, HiCO imports PRO and N-ary Participation pattern as flexible models for describing: relations between people, between them and the cultural objects, between people and their actions/roles or participation in events and also towards the sources scholars use for these attributions (and towards the scholars themselves).

For a reference of PRO terms:

PRO Classes

PRO Object properties

For a reference of N-ary Participation terms:

N-ary Participation Classes

N-ary Participation Object Properties

Indeed, a particular focus here has been given to information dealing with people and events - in an event-driven approach - assuming that these relationships can cover a wide range of information about the context needed by communities to fill their objects in, and that as it is, contribute to identify clearly and unambiguously their subject of interest, i.e. the cultural object (that said, any other model dealing with information extracted from the content of an object - and considering these as entities interpreted by someone - can be used to represent a broader range of scenarios).

Individuals of Interpretation Act class have been also characterized with two foundamental object properties: the hico:hasInterpretationType property and the hico:hasInterpretationCriterion property. The former states an arbitrary classification of the interpretation, which can be simply defined as philological, historical, semiotic, linguistic etc... The latter is a briefly explanation of the criterion used to state information extracted from a source, e.g. a literally transcription, an hypotesis, or the adoption of the literature about a specific argument.

These informations are not required, but are meaningfull when trying to explain why an interpretation gains much authority than another one. Indeed, an interpretation act could be related to other acts through citing properties: more an act is related to other acts, probably more authority it gains in literature. Annotating these relations when describing the adopted criterion, could be a easier way to judge interpretations.

For a reference of HiCO main terms - including PROV-O reused preperties:

HiCO Main Classes

HiCO Main Object properties

Authoritative interpretations

As above mentioned, interpretations can be defined with a "type" declaration. When seeking for historical interpretations, users expect a proof to validate assertions. Modeling these evidences could be rather arbitrary, but some issues of this problem can be formally stated: first of all, an interpretation should be supported by other similar statements from other authors' interpretations - about the described facts. Furthermore, an assumption of a fact should be based on available evidences, e.g. philological interpretation acts which state where and wherefrom an historical interpretation has been deduced. These basic requirements improve trust in assertions, which earn authority. So, asking for authoritative interpretations, a network of relations can be found around them.

E.g. In a document where a person has been recognised with a philological interpretation act, all assertions about that person (i.e. the instantiation of an individual of class "Person") extracted from content of that document (i.e. historical interpretation acts) should be mutually related with a citing property like cito:givesBackgroundTo. So a user can retrieve entities and relations among entities, bounded through interpretations, in a particular source which attests them.

All Classes

agentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent

An abstract class defining any kind of agents, such as a person, a group, an organization or a software agent.

is in domain of
holds role in timeop
is in range of
is role held byop

citation actc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/CitationAct

A citation act is a performative act of making a citation from a citing entity to a cited entity, typically instantiated by the inclusion of a bibliographic reference or a data reference in the reference list of the citing entity.

This CiTO class and its accompanying object properties cito:hasCitingEntity, cito:hasCitationCharacterization and cito:hasCitedEntity can be employed to reify direct citation act statements made using the CiTO citation object property cito:cites or one of its sub-properties. For example, the following RDF statement:

:paperA cito:extends :paperB .

can be alternatively described as follows:

:thisCitation a cito:CitationAct ;

cito:hasCitingEntity :paperA ;

cito:hasCitationCharacterization cito:extends ;

cito:hasCitedEntity :paperB .

This usage involved OWL2 punning, whenby a CiTO object property, such as the aforementioned cito:extends, is used as the object of the OWL assertion

:thisCitation cito:hasCitationCharacterization cito:extends .

Using such OWL2 punning (described at http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-owl2-new-features-20090611/#F12:_Punning), the CiTO object property is considered as a proper named individual of the class owl:Thing.

Such reification of citation acts can be very useful, since it permits one to combine these CiTO properties with other vocabularies, or to handle situations in which none of the citation characterizations available in CiTO are applicable. Such situations can be resolved by the creation of a user-defined citation characterization, for example by using the Open Annotation Data Model, as explained at http://semanticpublishing.wordpress.com/2013/07/03/extending-cito-for-open-annotations/.

is equivalent to
situationc and (has citation characterizationop exactly 1) and (has cited entityop exactly 1) and (has citing entityop exactly 1)

conceptc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Concept

An abstract notion or idea.

The entity defined as concept encompasses a comprehensive range of abstractions that may be the subject of a work: fields of knowledge, disciplines, schools of thought (philosophies, religions, political ideologies, etc.), theories, processes, techniques, practices, etc. A concept may be broad in nature or narrowly defined and precise.

has super-classes
subjectc
is disjoint with
eventc, objectc, placec

corporate bodyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#CorporateBody

An organization or group of individuals and/or organizations acting as a unit.

The entity defined as corporate body encompasses organizations and groups of individuals and/or organizations that are identified by a particular name, including occasional groups and groups that are constituted as meetings, conferences, congresses, expeditions, exhibitions, festivals, fairs, etc.

has super-classes
responsible entityc
is disjoint with
personc

documentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Document

An abstract class defining any kinds of publishing work.

is in domain of
is document context forop
is in range of
relates to documentop

endeavourc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Endeavour

It describes different aspects of user interests in the products of intellectual or artistic artifact.

is equivalent to
expressionc or itemc or manifestationc or workc
is in domain of
has related endeavourop, has responsible entityop
is in range of
has related endeavourop

eventc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Event

An action or occurrence.

The entity defined as event encompasses a comprehensive range of actions and occurrences that may be the subject of a work: historical events, epochs, periods of time, etc.

has super-classes
subjectc
is disjoint with
conceptc, objectc, placec

expressionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression

The intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical, or choreographic notation, sound, image, object, movement, etc., or any combination of such forms.

An expression is the specific intellectual or artistic form that a work takes each time it is "realized." Expression encompasses, for example, the specific words, sentences, paragraphs, etc. that result from the realization of a work in the form of a text, or the particular sounds, phrasing, etc. resulting from the realization of a musical work.

is equivalent to
endeavourc and (has embodimentop some manifestationc) and (is realization ofop some workc)
endeavourc and (has partop only expressionc) and (is part ofop only expressionc)
is in domain of
has abridgementop, has arrangementop, has contentdp, has embodimentop, has realizerop, has revisionop, has translationop
is in range of
has abridgementop, has arrangementop, has realizationop, has revisionop, has translationop, is extracted fromop
is disjoint with
itemc, manifestationc, workc

Interpretation Actc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/emmedi/hico/InterpretationAct

An interpretation act is a situation in which an agent extracts some usefull informations from the "content" of an object, meaning from the expression of a work. An act is related to anything is considered significant related to the source: an event, a situation in which an agent holds a role on something, or simplier an attestation of a noun and the identification of the entitiy which has that noun.

has super-classes
situationc
is extracted fromop some endeavourc
has interpretation typeop some Interpretation Typec
inverse was generated byop some thingc
was associated withop min 1 agentc
has interpretation criterionop some Interpretation Criterionc
is in domain of
has interpretation criterionop, has interpretation typeop, is extracted fromop

Interpretation Criterionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/emmedi/hico/InterpretationCriterion

The criterion an agent chooses in an interpretation act, useful to explain how information have been extracted from the "content" of an expression. It may include statements, hypotesis, adoption of literature about the argument etc.

is in range of
has interpretation criterionop

Interpretation Typec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/emmedi/hico/InterpretationType

A broad and arbitrary definition of an interpretative act. It may include historical (principally), philological, linguistic, paleographic, bibliographic etc.

is in range of
has interpretation typeop

itemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Item

A single exemplar of a manifestation.

The entity defined as item is a concrete entity. It is in many instances a single physical object (e.g., a copy of a one-volume monograph, a single audio cassette, etc.). There are instances, however, where the entity defined as item comprises more than one physical object (e.g., a monograph issued as two separately bound volumes, a recording issued on three separate compact discs, etc.).

is equivalent to
endeavourc and (is exemplar ofop some manifestationc)
endeavourc and (has partop only itemc) and (is part ofop only itemc)
is in domain of
has ownerop, has reconfigurationop
is in range of
has exemplarop, has reconfigurationop
is disjoint with
expressionc, manifestationc, workc

manifestationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Manifestation

The physical embodiment of an expression of a work.

The entity defined as manifestation encompasses a wide range of materials and formats. As an entity, manifestation represents all the physical objects that bear the same characteristics, in respect to both intellectual content and physical form.

is equivalent to
endeavourc and (is embodiment ofop some expressionc) and (has exemplarop some itemc)
endeavourc and (has partop only manifestationc) and (is part ofop only manifestationc)
is in domain of
has alternateop, has exemplarop, has producerop
is in range of
has alternateop, has embodimentop
is disjoint with
expressionc, itemc, workc

Nary participationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/naryparticipation.owl#NaryParticipation

has super-classes
situationc
participation includesop some objectc
participation includesop some eventc
participation includesop some time intervalc
is in domain of
participation includesop
is in range of
is included in participationop

objectc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Object

A material thing.

The entity defined as object encompasses a comprehensive range of material things that may be the subject of a work: animate and inanimate objects occurring in nature; fixed, movable, and moving objects that are the product of human creation; objects that no longer exist.

has super-classes
subjectc
is disjoint with
conceptc, eventc, placec

personc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Person

An individual. The entity defined as person encompasses individuals that are deceased as well as those that are living.

has super-classes
responsible entityc
is disjoint with
corporate bodyc

placec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Place

A location.

The entity defined as place encompasses a comprehensive range of locations: terrestrial and extra-terrestrial; historical and contemporary; geographic features and geo-political jurisdictions.

has super-classes
subjectc
is disjoint with
conceptc, eventc, objectc

publishing rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/PublishingRole

A role an agent may have with respect to the publishing process. Individual members of this class are used to specify particular roles.

has super-classes
rolec
has members
archivistni, authorni, author's agentni, biographerni, bloggerni, commissioning editorni, compilerni, contributorni, copy editorni, copyright ownerni, criticni, deputy editorni, distributorni, editorni, editor-in-chiefni, executive editorni, ghost writerni, guest editorni, illustratorni, journalistni, librarianni, managing editorni, peer reviewerni, printerni, producerni, production editorni, proof readerni, publisherni, readerni, reviewerni, senior editorni, series editorni, translatorni

responsible entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#ResponsibleEntity

It represents those responsible for the intellectual or artistic content, the physical production and dissemination, or the custodianship of any endeavour.

has sub-classes
corporate bodyc, personc
is in range of
has responsible entityop

rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/Role

A role an agent may have. Individual members of this class or its sub-classes are used to specify particular roles.

has super-classes
thingc
has sub-classes
publishing rolec
is in domain of
is role inop
is in range of
with roleop

role in timec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/RoleInTime

A particular situation that describe a role an agent may have, that can be restricted to a particular time interval.

has super-classes
value in timec
with roleop some rolec
at timeop some time intervalc
relates toop some thingc
at timeop only time intervalc and (has interval datedp only date time)
is role held byop exactly 1 agentc
is in domain of
is role held byop, relates toop, with roleop
is in range of
holds role in timeop, is related to role in timeop, is role inop

A role in time describes always:

- a particular role R

- a particular agent A holding R

- a particular time interval T in which A holds R (optional)

- one or more entities (e.g. a particular bibliographic entity or a specific institution) that defines a context for R held by A. (At least one contextual entity should be specified for a particular role).

situationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/situation.owl#Situation

has sub-classes
Interpretation Actc, Nary participationc
is disjoint with
time intervalc

subjectc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Subject

It represents an additional set of entities that serve as the subjects of works.

has sub-classes
conceptc, eventc, objectc, placec

time intervalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/timeinterval.owl#TimeInterval

Two (starting and ending) points in time that define a particular period of time.

is disjoint with
situationc

workc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Work

A distinct intellectual or artistic creation.

A work is an abstract entity; there is no single material object one can point to as the work. We recognize the work through individual realizations or expressions of the work, but the work itself exists only in the commonality of content between and among the various expressions of the work. When we speak of Homer's Iliad as a work, our point of reference is not a particular recitation or text of the work, but the intellectual creation that lies behind all the various expressions of the work.

is equivalent to
endeavourc and (has realizationop some expressionc)
endeavourc and (has partop only workc) and (is part ofop only workc)
is in domain of
has creatorop, has realizationop, has subjectop
is disjoint with
expressionc, itemc, manifestationc

All Object Properties

agrees withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/agreesWith

The citing entity agrees with statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is agreed with byop

Example: We share Galileo's opinion: the Earth moves [X].

at timeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/timeindexedsituation.owl#atTime

A time interval during which a role is held or a contribution is made by an agent.

citesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/cites

The citing entity cites the cited entity, either directly and explicitly (as in the reference list of a journal article), indirectly (e.g. by citing a more recent paper by the same group on the same topic), or implicitly (e.g. as in artistic quotations or parodies, or in cases of plagiarism).

cites as authorityop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/citesAsAuthority

The citing entity cites the cited entity as one that provides an authoritative description or definition of the subject under discussion.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is cited as authority byop

Example: Newton asserted that we are like dwarfs standing on the shoulders of giants [X].

cites as data sourceop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/citesAsDataSource

The citing entity cites the cited entity as source of data.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is cited as data source byop

Example: Italy has more than ten thousand kilometers of shoreline: see [X].

cites as evidenceop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/citesAsEvidence

The citing entity cites the cited entity as source of factual evidence for statements it contains.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is cited as evidence byop

Example: We found an unquestionable demonstration of our hypothesis in [X].

cites as metadata documentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/citesAsMetadataDocument

The citing entity cites the cited entity as being the container of metadata describing the citing entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is cited as metadata document byop

Example: Basic bibliographic, entity and project metadata relating to this article, recorded in a structured machine-readable form, is available as an additional file [X] accompanying this paper.

cites as potential solutionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/citesAsPotentialSolution

The citing entity cites the cited entity as providing or containing a possible solution to the issues being discussed.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is cited as potential solution byop

Example: This risk could be avoided using the approach shown in [X].

cites as recommended readingop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/citesAsRecommendedReading

The citing entity cites the cited entity as an item of recommended reading. This property can be used, for example, to describe references in a lecture reading list, where the cited references are relevant to the general topic of the lecture, but might not be individually cited within the text of the lecture. Similarly, it could be used to describe items in a 'Suggested further reading' list at the end of a book chapter.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is cited as recommended readingop

Example: To our knowledge, [X] is the best source of exercises about UML, making it a valuable proposal for beginners.

cites as relatedop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/citesAsRelated

The citing entity cites the cited entity as one that is related.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is cited as related byop

Example: An analysis similar to what we proposed here is presented in [X].

cites as source documentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/citesAsSourceDocument

The citing entity cites the cited entity as being the entity from which the citing entity is derived, or about which the citing entity contains metadata.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is cited as source document byop

Example: Several sections of this work are based on our literature review of the topic published as journal article [X].

cites for informationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/citesForInformation

The citing entity cites the cited entity as a source of information on the subject under discussion.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is cited for information byop

Example: The grammar of Pascal was introduced in [X].

compilesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/compiles

The citing entity is used to create or compile the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is compiled byop

Example: This book gathers interviews with academic researchers of several disciplines [X].

confirmsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/confirms

The citing entity confirms facts, ideas or statements presented in the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is confirmed byop

Example: Our findings are similar to those published in [X].

contains assertion fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/containsAssertionFrom

The citing entity contains a statement of fact or a logical assertion (or a collection of such facts and/or assertions) originally present in the cited entity. This object property is designed to be used to relate a separate abstract, summary or nanopublication to the cited entity upon which it is based.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
provides assertion forop

Example: We think that to stand on the top of giants [X] is a valuable principle to follow for our own research.

correctsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/corrects

The citing entity corrects statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is corrected byop

Example: The result published in [X] is partially wrong, the correct result is 42.

creditsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/credits

The citing entity acknowledges contributions made by the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is credited byop

Example: Galileo was the first to observe Jupiter's satellites [X].

critiquesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/critiques

The citing entity critiques statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is critiqued byop

Example: The ideas presented in [X] are badly substantantiated.

deridesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/derides

The citing entity express derision for the cited entity, or for ideas or conclusions contained within it.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is derided byop

Example: The ideas published in [X] are incredibly stupid.

describesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/describes

The citing entity describes the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is described byop

Example: Galileo's book [X] is a dialog among three scientists about Copernicus' eliocentric theory.

disagrees withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/disagreesWith

The citing entity disagrees with statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is disagreed with byop

Example: We do not share Galileo's opinion [X]: the Earth does not move.

discussesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/discusses

The citing entity discusses statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is discussed byop

Example: We now examine if Galileo is right when he writes [X] that the Earth moves.

disputesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/disputes

The citing entity disputes statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is disputed byop

Example: We doubt that Galileo is right when he writes [X] that the Earth moves.

documentsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/documents

The citing entity documents information about the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is documented byop

Example: Herein we report in detail the complete set of ontological rules defined in the Overlapping Ontology [X].

extendsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/extends

The citing entity extends facts, ideas or understandings presented in the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is extended byop

Example: We add to Galileo's findings concerning the Earth [X] that also the Moon moves.

gives background toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/givesBackgroundTo

The cited entity provides background information for the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
obtains background fromop

gives support toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/givesSupportTo

The cited entity provides intellectual or factual support for the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
obtains support fromop

has abridgementop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#abridgement

An expression abridged in another one.

In the abridged expression some content of the previous expression is removed, but the result does not alter the content to the extent that it becomes a new work. The expressions resulting from such modification are generally autonomous in nature (i.e., they do not normally require reference to the prior expression in order to be used or understood).

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
has domain
expressionc
has range
expressionc
is inverse of
is abridgement ofop

has adaptionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#adaption

A work/expression adapted in another one.

This property describe the modification of an original work that is sufficient in degree to warrant their being considered as new works, rather than simply different expressions of the same work. If there exists a relation of this kind among two different expressions, they always refer to different works.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
has domain
expressionc or workc
has range
expressionc or workc
is inverse of
is adaption ofop

has alternateop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#alternate

A manifestation having another one as alternate.

The alternate relationship involves manifestations that effectively serve as alternates for each other. The alternate relationship obtains, for example, when a publication, sound recording, video, etc. is issued in more than one format or when it is released simultaneously by different publishers in different countries.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
has domain
manifestationc
has range
manifestationc
is inverse of
is alternate ofop

has arrangementop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#arrangement

An expression arranged in another one.

In the arranged expression some content of the previous expression is changed in some way, but the result does not alter the content to the extent that it becomes a new work. The expressions resulting from such modification are generally autonomous in nature (i.e., they do not normally require reference to the prior expression in order to be used or understood).

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
has domain
expressionc
has range
expressionc
is inverse of
is arrangement ofop

has citation characterizationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/hasCitationCharacterization

A property that links a cito:CitationAct to its characterization made by using a CiTO citation characterization property such as cito:extends.

This usage involved OWL2 punning, whenby a CiTO object property, such as the aforementioned cito:extends, is used as the object of an OWL assertion:

:thisCitation cito:hasCitationCharacterization cito:extends .

In such cases of OWL punning, the CiTO object properties are simultaneously considered both as normal object properties and also as proper named individuals of the class owl:Thing.

has super-properties
is setting forop

has cited entityop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/hasCitedEntity

A property that relates a citation act to the entity that is the target of that citation.

has super-properties
is setting forop

has citing entityop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/hasCitingEntity

The citation act relates to the entity containing that citation.

has super-properties
is setting forop

has complementop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#complement

An expression work/expression having another one as complement.

This property describes works that are intended to be combined with or inserted into the related work. In other words, they are intended to be integrated in some way with the other work, but were not part of the original conception of that prior work. If there exists a relation of this kind among two different expressions, then they always refer to different works.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
has domain
expressionc or workc
has range
expressionc or workc
is inverse of
is complement ofop

has creatorop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#creator

A work linked to its creator.

has super-properties
has responsible entityop
has domain
workc
is inverse of
is creator ofop

has embodimentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#embodiment

An expression embodied in a manifestation.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
has domain
expressionc
has range
manifestationc
is inverse of
is embodiment ofop

has exemplarop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#exemplar

A manifestation exemplified in an item.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
has domain
manifestationc
has range
itemc
is inverse of
is exemplar ofop

has imitationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#imitation

An work/expression imitated in another one.

This property describes works that are intended to be an imitation another original work that is sufficient in degree to warrant their being considered as new works, rather than simply different expressions of the same work. If there exists a relation of this kind among two different expressions, then they always refer to different works.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
has domain
expressionc or workc
has range
expressionc or workc
is inverse of
is imitation ofop

has interpretation criterionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/emmedi/hico/hasInterpretationCriterion

A property relating an interpretation act to an individual representing a brief description of the criterion used to attest something about the content of an object.

has interpretation typeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/emmedi/hico/hasInterpretationType

A property relating an interpretation act to an individual defining a broader, arbitrary, classification of the interpretation.

has ownerop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#owner

An item linked to its owner.

has super-properties
has responsible entityop
has domain
itemc
is inverse of
is owner ofop

has partop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#part

A part of an endeavour.

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
is inverse of
is part ofop

has producerop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#producer

A manifestation linked to its prodecer.

has super-properties
has responsible entityop
has domain
manifestationc
is inverse of
is producer ofop

has realizationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization

A work realized through an expression.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
has domain
workc
has range
expressionc
is inverse of
is realization ofop

has realizerop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realizer

An expression linked to its realizer.

has super-properties
has responsible entityop
has domain
expressionc
is inverse of
is realizer ofop

has reconfigurationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#reconfiguration

An item reconfigured in another one.

The reconfiguration relationship is one in which one or more items are changed in such a way that a new item or items result. Most commonly, an item of one manifestation is bound with an item of a different manifestation to make a new item.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
has domain
itemc
has range
itemc
is inverse of
is reconfiguration ofop

has replyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/hasReplyFrom

The cited entity evokes a reply from the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
replies toop

has reproductionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#reproduction

A manifestation/item reproduced in another one.

A reproduction indicates the relationship as it would be drawn from the first manifestation/item in the relationship to the second manifestation/item in the relationship.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
has domain
itemc or manifestationc
has range
itemc or manifestationc
is inverse of
is reproduction ofop

has responsible entityop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#responsibleEntity

Any endeavour having a particular entity that is responsible of it.

has super-properties
top object propertyop
has sub-properties
has creatorop, has ownerop, has producerop, has realizerop
has domain
endeavourc
has range
responsible entityc
is inverse of
is responsible entity ofop

has revisionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#revision

An expression revised in another one.

A revision has the intent to alter or update the content of the prior expression, but without changing the content so much that it becomes a new work.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
has domain
expressionc
has range
expressionc
is inverse of
is revision ofop

has subjectop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#subject

A work linked to a particular subject it is talking about.

has super-properties
top object propertyop
has domain
workc
has range
corporate bodyc or endeavourc or subjectc
is inverse of
is subject ofop

has successorop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#successor

An expression work/expression having another one as successor.

The successor type of relationship involves a kind of linear progression of content from one work/expression to the other. In some cases, the content of the successor may be closely connected to the content of the preceding work, which would result in a work that is referential. In others, such as with loosely connected parts of a trilogy, the successor will be autonomous. Serial publications that result from the merger or split of their predecessors and stand on their own without requiring reference to the predecessor are also examples of autonomous works that fall within the successor relationship type. If there exists a relation of this kind among two different expressions, then they always refer to different works.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
has domain
expressionc or workc
has range
expressionc or workc
is inverse of
is successor ofop

has summarizationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#summarization

A work/expression summarized in another one.

This property describe the summarization of an original work that is sufficient in degree to warrant their being considered as new works, rather than simply different expressions of the same work. If there exists a relation of this kind among two different expressions, they always refer to different works.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
has domain
expressionc or workc
has range
expressionc or workc
is inverse of
is summarization ofop

has supplementop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#supplement

An expression work/expression having another one as supplement.

The supplement relationship type involves works/expressions that are intended to be used in conjunction with another work/expression. Some of these, such as indices, concordances, teachers' guides, glosses, and instruction manuals for electronic resources will be so closely associated with the content of the related work/expression that they are useless without the other work/expression.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
has domain
expressionc or workc
has range
expressionc or workc
is inverse of
is supplement ofop

has transformationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#transformation

An work/expression transformed in another one.

This property describes works that are intended to be a trasformation another original work that is sufficient in degree to warrant their being considered as new works, rather than simply different expressions of the same work. If there exists a relation of this kind among two different expressions, then they always refer to different works.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
has domain
expressionc or workc
has range
expressionc or workc
is inverse of
is transformation ofop

has translationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#translation

An expression translated in another one.

It allows to refer to a literal translation, in which the intent is to render the intellectual content of the previous expression as accurately as possible.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
has domain
expressionc
has range
expressionc
is inverse of
is translation ofop

holds role in timeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/holdsRoleInTime

A property relating an agent to a role that the agent holds. This is done via the indirection: foaf:Agent pro:holdsRoleInTime [ a pro:RoleInTime ; pro:withRole pro:Role ] . The ontology permits one to specify the time period over which a role is held, and the other contextual entities to which that agent's role relates.

has super-properties
has valueop
has domain
agentc
has range
role in timec
is inverse of
is role held byop

includes excerpt fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/includesExcerptFrom

The citing entity includes one or more excerpts from the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
provides excerpt forop

An excerpt is more general than a quotation. It is generally used to indicate a re-published extract from a book, instruction manual, film, radio programme, etc, that need not be what someone said. For example:

Oxford 01865

Oxshott 01372

Oxted 01883

Oxton 01578

is an excerpt from the UK Dialling Codes section of the Oxford Telephone Directory.

includes quotation fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/includesQuotationFrom

The citing entity includes one or more quotations from the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
provides quotation forop

A quotation is a repetition of what someone has said, and is presented "within quotation marks", for example:

On June 4th 1940, Winston Churchill made a speech on the radio that has since become famous, that included the words: " . . . we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender . . ."

is abridgement ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#abridgementOf

It identifies the entire expression of an abridged one.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
is inverse of
has abridgementop

is adaption ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#adaptionOf

It identifies the work/expression of an adapted one.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
is inverse of
has adaptionop

is agreed with byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isAgreedWithBy

The cited entity contains statements, ideas or conclusions with which the citing entity agrees.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
agrees withop

is alternate ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#alternateOf

It identifies the manifestation of an alternative one.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
is inverse of
has alternateop

is arrangement ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#arrangementOf

It identifies the original expression of an arranged one.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
is inverse of
has arrangementop

is cited as authority byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isCitedAsAuthorityBy

The cited entity is cited as providing an authoritative description or definition of the subject under discussion in the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
cites as authorityop

is cited as data source byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isCitedAsDataSourceBy

The cited entity is cited as a data source by the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
cites as data sourceop

is cited as evidence byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isCitedAsEvidenceBy

The cited entity is cited for providing factual evidence to the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
cites as evidenceop

is cited as metadata document byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isCitedAsMetadataDocumentBy

The cited entity is cited as being the container of metadata relating to the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
cites as metadata documentop

is cited as potential solution byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isCitedAsPontentialSolutionBy

The cited entity is cited as providing or containing a possible solution to the issues being discussed in the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
cites as potential solutionop

is cited as recommended readingop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isCitedAsRecommendedReading

The cited entity is cited by the citing entity as an item of recommended reading. This property can be used, for example, to describe references in a lecture reading list, where the cited references are relevant to the general topic of the lecture, but might not be individually cited within the text of the lecture. Similarly, it could be used to describe items in a 'Suggested further reading' list at the end of a book chapter.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
cites as recommended readingop

is cited as related byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isCitedAsRelatedBy

The cited entity is cited as being related to the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
cites as relatedop

is cited as source document byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isCitedAsSourceDocumentBy

The cited entity is cited as being the entity from which the citing entity is derived, or about which the citing entity contains metadata.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
cites as source documentop

is cited for information byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isCitedForInformationBy

The cited entity is cited as a source of information on the subject under discussion in the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
cites for informationop

is compiled byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isCompiledBy

The cited entity is the result of a compile or creation event using the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
compilesop

Note: This property has been imported from the CiTO4Data ontology, usage of which has been deprecated.

is complement ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#complementOf

It identifies the work/expression of that is a complement of another one.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
is inverse of
has complementop

is confirmed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isConfirmedBy

The cited entity presents facts, ideas or statements that are confirmed by the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
confirmsop

is corrected byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isCorrectedBy

The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are corrected by the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
correctsop

is creator ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#creatorOf

The creator of a particular work.

has super-properties
is responsible entity ofop
is inverse of
has creatorop

is credited byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isCreditedBy

The cited entity makes contributions that are acknowledged by the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
creditsop

is critiqued byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isCritiquedBy

The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are critiqued by the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
critiquesop

is derided byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isDeridedBy

The cited entity contains ideas or conclusions for which the citing entity express derision.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
deridesop

is described byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isDescribedBy

The cited entity is described by the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
describesop

is disagreed with byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isDisagreedWithBy

The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are disagreed with by the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
disagrees withop

is discussed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isDiscussedBy

The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are discussed by the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
discussesop

is disputed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isDisputedBy

The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are disputed by the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
disputesop

is document context forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/isDocumentContextFor

A property relating a document to the role for which that document provides the context (e.g. relating a document to the role of author or peer-reviewer of that document).

has super-properties
is related to role in timeop
has domain
documentc
is inverse of
relates to documentop

is documented byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isDocumentedBy

Information about the cited entity is documented by the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
documentsop

is embodiment ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#embodimentOf

A manifestation that embodies an expression.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
is inverse of
has embodimentop

is exemplar ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#exemplarOf

An item that exemplifies a manifestation.

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
is inverse of
has exemplarop

is extended byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isExtendedBy

The cited entity presents facts, ideas or understandings that are extended by the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
extendsop

is extracted fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/emmedi/hico/isExtractedFrom

A property relating interpretation acts to an expression of a work from which they've been extracted.

has super-properties
was influenced byop
has domain
Interpretation Actc
has range
expressionc

is imitation ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#imitationOf

It identifies the work/expression of an imitated one.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
is inverse of
has imitationop

is included in participationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/naryparticipation.owl#isIncludedInParticipation

has super-properties
has settingop
has domain
thingc
has range
Nary participationc

is organization context forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/isOrganizationContextFor

A property relating an organization to the role for which that organization provides the context (e.g. relating an institution to the role of member held by a person).

has super-properties
is related to role in timeop
has domain
organization
is inverse of
relates to organizationop

is owner ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#ownerOf

The owner of a particular item.

has super-properties
is responsible entity ofop
is inverse of
has ownerop

is parodied byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isParodiedBy

The characteristic style or content of the cited entity is imitated by the citing entity for comic effect, usually without explicit citation.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
parodiesop

is part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#partOf

An endeavour incorporating another endeavour.

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
is inverse of
has partop

is person context forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/isPersonContextFor

A property relating a person to the role for which that person provides the context (e.g. relating a graduate student to the role of supervisor held by a faculty member).

has super-properties
is related to role in timeop

is plagiarized byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isPlagiarizedBy

The cited entity is plagiarized by the author of the citing entity, who includes within the citing entity textual or other elements from the cited entity without formal acknowledgement of their source. The cited entity is thus not explicitly cited from within the citing entity, according to the norms of scholarly practice, but is cited implicitly.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
plagiarizesop

is producer ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#producerOf

The producer of a particular manifestation.

has super-properties
is responsible entity ofop
is inverse of
has producerop

is qualified byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isQualifiedBy

The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are qualified or have conditions placed upon them by the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
qualifiesop

is realization ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realizationOf

An expression that realizes a work.

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
is inverse of
has realizationop

is realizer ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realizerOf

The realizer of a particular expression.

has super-properties
is responsible entity ofop
is inverse of
has realizerop

is reconfiguration ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#reconfigurationOf

It identifies the manifestation of a reconfigured one.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
is inverse of
has reconfigurationop

is refuted byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isRefutedBy

The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are refuted by the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
refutesop

is related to role in timeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/isRelatedToRoleInTime

A property relating an entity to the role for which that entity provides the context.

has super-properties
has time indexed settingop
has sub-properties
is document context forop, is organization context forop, is person context forop
has range
role in timec
is inverse of
relates toop

is reproduction ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#reproductionOf

It identifies the manifestation/item of a reproduced one.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
is inverse of
has reproductionop

is responsible entity ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#responsibleEntityOf

An entity that is resposible for a particular endeavour.

has super-properties
top object propertyop
has sub-properties
is creator ofop, is owner ofop, is producer ofop, is realizer ofop
is inverse of
has responsible entityop

is retracted byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isRetractedBy

The cited entity is formally retracted by the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
retractsop

is reviewed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isReviewedBy

The cited entity presents statements, ideas or conclusions that are reviewed by the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
reviewsop

is revision ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#revisionOf

It identifies the previous expression of a revised one.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
is inverse of
has revisionop

is ridiculed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isRidiculedBy

The cited entity or aspects of its contents are ridiculed by the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
ridiculesop

is role held byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/isHeldBy

A property relating a role in time that an agent holds, or a contribution situation that an agent makes, to that agent.

has super-properties
for entityop
has domain
role in timec
has range
agentc
is inverse of
holds role in timeop

is role inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/isRoleIn

The property relating the definition of a specific role to the situation of an agent holding that role.

has super-properties
has time indexed settingop
has domain
rolec
has range
role in timec
is inverse of
with roleop

is speculated on byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isSpeculatedOnBy

The cited entity is cited because the citing article contains speculations on its content or ideas.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
speculates onop

is subject ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#subjectOf

A subject a work talks abbout.

has super-properties
top object propertyop
is inverse of
has subjectop

is successor ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#successorOf

It identifies the previous work/expression of a succeeded one.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
is inverse of
has successorop

is summarization ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#summarizationOf

It identifies the original work/expression of a summarized one.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
is inverse of
has summarizationop

is supplement ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#supplementOf

It identifies the work/expression of a particular supplement of it.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
is inverse of
has supplementop

is supported byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isSupportedBy

The cited entity receives intellectual or factual support from the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
supportsop

is transformation ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#transformationOf

It identifies the original work/expression of a trasformed one.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
is inverse of
has transformationop

is translation ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#translationOf

It identifies the original expression of a translated one.

has super-properties
has related endeavourop
is inverse of
has translationop

is updated byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isUpdatedBy

The cited entity presents statements, ideas, hypotheses or understanding that are updated by the cited entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
updatesop

likesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/likes

A property that permits you to express appreciation of or interest in something that is the object of the RDF triple, or to express that it is worth thinking about even if you do not agree with its content, enabling social media 'likes' statements to be encoded in RDF. Use of this property does NOT imply the existence of a formal citation of the entity that is 'liked'.

obtains background fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/obtainsBackgroundFrom

The citing entity obtains background information from the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
gives background toop

Example: There is a need for more observational studies and studies using narrative causation to describe the potential contribution of information in problem-solving and decision-making [X]; our work addresses these needs.

obtains support fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/obtainsSupportFrom

The citing entity obtains intellectual or factual support from the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
gives support toop

Example: Our ideas were also shared by Doe et al. [X].

parodiesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/parodies

The citing entity imitates the characteristic style or content of the cited entity for comic effect, usually without explicit citation.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is parodied byop

Example: We act as giants on the shoulders of dwarfs [X]!

participation includesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/naryparticipation.owl#participationIncludes

has super-properties
is setting forop
has domain
Nary participationc
has range
thingc

plagiarizesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/plagiarizes

A property indicating that the author of the citing entity plagiarizes the cited entity, by including textual or other elements from the cited entity without formal acknowledgement of their source. The citing entity thus contains no explicit citation of the cited entity, according to the norms of scholarly practice, but cites it implicitly.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is plagiarized byop

Example: The conclusion of our dissertation can be summarised by the following motto, we created specifically for this purpose: we are like dwarfs standing on the shoulders of giants.

provides assertion forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/providesAssertionFor

The cited entity contains and is the original source of a statement of fact or a logical assertion (or a collection of such facts and/or assertions) that is to be found in the citing entity. This inverse object property is designed to be used to relate a cited entity to a separate abstract, summary or nanopublication based upon it.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
contains assertion fromop

provides conclusions forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/providesConclusionsFor

The cited entity presents conclusions that are used in work described in the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
uses conclusions fromop

provides data forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/providesDataFor

The cited entity presents data that are used in work described in the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
uses data fromop

provides excerpt forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/providesExcerptFor

The cited entity contains information, usually of a textual nature, that is excerpted by (used as an excerpt within) the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
includes excerpt fromop

provides method forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/providesMethodFor

The cited entity details a method that is used in work described by the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
uses method inop

provides quotation forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/providesQuotationFor

The cited entity contains information, usually of a textual nature, that is quoted by (used as a quotation within) the citing entity.

has super-properties
is cited byop
is inverse of
includes quotation fromop

qualifiesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/qualifies

The citing entity qualifies or places conditions or restrictions upon statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is qualified byop

Example: Galileo's masterpiece 'Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo' [X] is formally a dialog and substantially a scientific pamphlet.

refutesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/refutes

The citing entity refutes statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is refuted byop

Example: We do not think that all their arguments in favour of their own and against the other strategies are equally convincing [X].

relates toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/relatesToEntity

A property relating a time-indexed situation to an entity representing the context for that situation.

has super-properties
within contextop
has sub-properties
relates to documentop, relates to organizationop, relates to personop
has domain
role in timec
is inverse of
is related to role in timeop

relates to documentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/relatesToDocument

A property relating a time-indexed situation describing a publishing role to a document that represents the context for that situation (e.g. relating the role of editor or peer-reviewer to the document being edited or peer-reviewed).

has super-properties
relates toop
has range
documentc
is inverse of
is document context forop

relates to organizationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/relatesToOrganization

A property relating a time-indexed situation to an organization that represents the context for that situation (e.g. relating the role of member to the institution of which that person is a member).

has super-properties
relates toop
has range
organization
is inverse of
is organization context forop

relates to personop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/relatesToPerson

A property relating a time-indexed situation to a person who represents the context for that situation (e.g. relating the role of an supervisor with respect to the graduate student being supervised).

has super-properties
relates toop
has range
person

replies toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/repliesTo

The citing entity replies to statements, ideas or criticisms presented in the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
has replyop

Example: We will not investigate the issues of the approach proposed in [X] here, but rather we introduce yet another alternative.

retractsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/retracts

The citing entity constitutes a formal retraction of the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is retracted byop

Example: We wrote that the Earth moves in [X]; we now retire such statement.

reviewsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/reviews

The citing entity reviews statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is reviewed byop

Example: This paper discusses Toulmin's methodology in modelling argumentation [X], focussing on highlighting advantages and drawbacks of the application of such a methodology in the Social Web.

ridiculesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/ridicules

The citing entity ridicules the cited entity or aspects of its contents.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is ridiculed byop

Example: Galileo said that the Earth "moves" [X]; really? And where is it going?

shares author institution withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/sharesAuthorInstitutionWith

Each entity has at least one author that shares a common institutional affiliation with an author of the other entity.

shares authors withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/sharesAuthorsWith

Each entity has at least one author in common with the other entity.

has characteristics: symmetric

has super-properties
top object propertyop

shares funding agency withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/sharesFundingAgencyWith

The two entities result from activities that have been funded by the same funding agency.

speculates onop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/speculatesOn

The citing entity speculates on something within or related to the cited entity, without firm evidence.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is speculated on byop

Example: We believe that if Galileo believed that Earth goes around the Sun [X], he also should believe that Moon goes around Earth.

supportsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/supports

The citing entity provides intellectual or factual support for statements, ideas or conclusions presented in the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is supported byop

Example: We support Galileo's statement [X], that Earth moves.

updatesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/updates

The citing entity updates statements, ideas, hypotheses or understanding presented in the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
is updated byop

Example: Earth moves, said Galileo [X]; in addition, we can say now it moves very fast.

uses conclusions fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/usesConclusionsFrom

The citing entity describes work that uses conclusions presented in the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
provides conclusions forop

Example: Building upon Galileo's findings [X], we discovered that all the planets move.

uses data fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/usesDataFrom

The citing entity describes work that uses data presented in the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
provides data forop

Example: Using the information collected from our recent study [X], we can estimate that there are tens of millions of HTML forms with potentially useful deep-web content.

uses method inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/usesMethodIn

The citing entity describes work that uses a method detailed in the cited entity.

has super-properties
citesop
is inverse of
provides method forop

Example: We follow [X] in using design patterns for testing.

was associated withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith

A property relating an activity/situation, like interpretation acts, to the responsible agent.

was generated byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/#wasGeneratedBy

A property relating an entity to an activity/situation, like an interpretation act.

was influenced byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasInfluencedBy

A broader property relating activities/situations like interpretation acts, to the endeavour from which interpretations have been extracted.

has sub-properties
is extracted fromop

with roleop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/withRole

An object property connecting an agent's role in time to a definition of the type of role held by this agent, specified as an instance of the class pro:Role or of one of its sub-classes.

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
with valueop
has domain
role in timec
has range
rolec
is inverse of
is role inop

All Data Properties

has contentdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/c4o/hasContent

has domain
expressionc
has range
literal

All Named Individuals

archivistni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/archivist

The role of a person who manages, undertakes and supervises the work of an archive. [This term is typically used with respect to a document archive, whereas the term data curator is used with respect to a data archive.]

belongs to
publishing rolec

authorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/author

The role a person has of authorship of some material (for example a document).

belongs to
publishing rolec

author's agentni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/authors-agent

A person who finds work for professional authors, manages their contracts, and works to advance their careers, charging their clients as fees for their services a percentage of the money made from the authors' writings.

belongs to
publishing rolec

authoritatively basedni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/emmedi/hico/authoritatively-based

belongs to
Interpretation Criterionc

biographerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/biographer

The role of an author who writes biographies.

belongs to
publishing rolec

bloggerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/blogger

The role of an author who writes blog posts.

belongs to
publishing rolec

commissioning editorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/commissioning-editor

The role of an editor who actively commissions authors to write books to be published by the publishing house for which the commissioning editor works.

belongs to
publishing rolec

compilerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/compiler

The role an agent has of compiling a number of items into a compilation or collection.

belongs to
publishing rolec

contributorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/contributor

The role an agent has of contribution of some material (for example an article to a magazine).

belongs to
publishing rolec

copy editorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/copy-editor

The role of an editor who undertakes alterations to the text of a document submitted for publication to improve the formatting, style and accuracy of text, or to bring the text into the house style of the publisher (e.g. Americanization of British spelling), without intentionally altering the substance or meaning of the text.

belongs to
publishing rolec

copyright ownerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/copyright-owner

The role of owning the copyright to a publication, usually held by the author or by the publishing house that publishes the author's work.

belongs to
publishing rolec

criticni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/critic

The role of an author who writes evaluations and criticisms of, for example, plays or other works of art.

belongs to
publishing rolec

deputy editorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/deputy-editor

The role of a senior editor of a publication who deputizes for the Editor-in-Chief.

belongs to
publishing rolec

distributorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/distributor

The role of a person who distributes publications.

belongs to
publishing rolec

editorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/editor

The role of a person who selects and prepares for publication material written and submitted by authors.

belongs to
publishing rolec

editor-in-chiefni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/editor-in-chief

The role of the person who has final responsibility for the editorial operations and policies for a particular publication.

belongs to
publishing rolec

executive editorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/executive-editor

The role of an editor who has executive responsibility for the production of particular publication, usually acting under the authority of the Editor-in-Chief.

belongs to
publishing rolec

ghost writerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/ghost-writer

The role of a professional writer who assists an aspiring author lacking authorship skills to write a book or article for publication, for example by helping the author to create grammatically correct and lucid prose, or who writes the book on behalf of the named author, without himself/herself claiming authorship.

belongs to
publishing rolec

guest editorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/guest-editor

The role of someone who is a guest editor, for example for a special themed issue of a journal.

belongs to
publishing rolec

illustratorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/illustrator

The role of an agent that illustrates a document.

belongs to
publishing rolec

journalistni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/journalist

The role of an author who writes newspaper or magazine news reports or articles.

belongs to
publishing rolec

librarianni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/librarian

The role of a person who manages, undertakes and supervises the work of a library.

belongs to
publishing rolec

managing editorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/managing-editor

The role of an editor who has management responsibility for the production of particular publication, usually acting under the authority of the Executive Editor and the Editor-in-Chief.

belongs to
publishing rolec

peer reviewerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/peer-reviewer

The role of an academic peer in evaluating a manuscript submitted by an author for publication as a journal article on behalf of the journal editor, or a conference paper on behalf of the conference programme committee, and in deciding whether it is suitable for acceptance, usually subject to revisions suggested by the peer-reviewer.

belongs to
publishing rolec

printerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/printer

The role of an agent involved in printing documents, either a company providing printing services or an individual engaged in the process of printing documents.

belongs to
publishing rolec

producerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/producer

The role of someone who acts as a producer.

belongs to
publishing rolec

production editorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/production-editor

The role of an editor who takes responsibility for the passage of a document through the various stages of the publication workflow from the submitted manuscript to the final publication, including responsibility for scheduling and budget.

belongs to
publishing rolec

proof readerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/proof-reader

The role of a person who reads the proofs of documents to detect any errors prior to final publication.

belongs to
publishing rolec

publisherni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/publisher

The role of a person or an organization that published material, or of a publisher's employee who has responsibility for such publications.

belongs to
publishing rolec

readerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/reader

The role of a person who reads publications.

belongs to
publishing rolec

reviewerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/reviewer

The role of a person who subjects a publication to a written review and critical analysis of its content, scope and quality.

belongs to
publishing rolec

senior editorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/senior-editor

The role of the person who has senior responsibility for the editorial operations and policies for a particular publication, usually acting under the authority of the Editor-in-Chief.

belongs to
publishing rolec

series editorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/series-editor

The role of the person who has editorial responsibility for publication series, for example a book series.

belongs to
publishing rolec

translatorni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/pro/translator

The role of an agent that translates a document into another language.

belongs to
publishing rolec

Annotation Properties

commentap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment

contributorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor

creatorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator

dateap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date

descriptionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description

is defined byap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy

labelap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label

prior versionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#priorVersion

rightsap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights

see alsoap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso

skos:noteap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos#note

is defined by
http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos#

titleap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title

version infoap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo

Namespace Declarations back to ToC

default namespace
http://purl.org/emmedi/hico#
0-1
http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
c4o
http://purl.org/spar/c4o/
cito
http://purl.org/spar/cito/
core
http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#
dc
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
discourse-relationships
http://purl.org/swan/2.0/discourse-relationships/
emmedi
http://purl.org/emmedi/
hico
http://purl.org/emmedi/hico/
naryparticipation-owl
http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/naryparticipation.owl#
owl
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
participation-owl
http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/participation.owl#
pro
http://purl.org/spar/pro/
rdf
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
situation-owl
http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/situation.owl#
skos2
http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos#
spar
http://purl.org/spar/
swrl
http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#
swrlb
http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrlb#
terms
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
timeindexedsituation-owl
http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/timeindexedsituation.owl#
timeinterval-owl
http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/timeinterval.owl#
tvc
http://www.essepuntato.it/2012/04/tvc/
xsd
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

This HTML document was obtained by processing the OWL ontology source code through LODE, Live OWL Documentation Environment, developed by Silvio Peroni.